Postby JasonPratt » Mon Jun 18, 2007 7:33 am
Caution: long (but hopefully eirenic) post approaching. {g} If you don't know what eirenic means (in this case it means I'm going to discuss distinctions but not in a BLEEP THOSE BUDDHISTS kind of way {s}), or if your eyes are already glazing over, take that as a sign and move along--it isn't going to get any better. {lol!}
CK, I totally love your new avatar there, btw. {g}
Tenshi, I realize this is probably connected with your boyfriend in some fashion, so there are elements involved in discussing this which require some finesse. {s} You're welcome to PM me with more details if you like.
If I recall correctly, I've read that the theory was most seriously recently proposed by the two guys who wrote _Holy Blood, Holy Grail_: which, at the risk of damnation by association, ought to give you some idea right there about how much weight to give it. {wry g} It would be more credible for Jesus to have learned some portions of Greek stoicism (which significantly resembles classical Buddhism in many ways without necessarily having had to borrow from it) from His Jewish contemporary Philo and/or from contemporary Essenes (who were very far from trying to marry Greek stoicism with Judaism.)
The parallels between early Christians and classical Buddhism are actually much stronger (and I mean that relatively {g}) when comparing the desert monks of the 3rd c. onward to the oldest traditions of Guatama. But those people aren't living like Jesus lived; the similarities are probably stonger simply from them being ascetics like Guatama, especially insofar as (like him) they renounced high positions in society.
The notion that Buddha and Christ are fairly similar to one another (and since Buddha came first then the borrowing would naturally be from him), has been around at least a hundred years; indeed, it has been around longer than that, because Matteo Ricci, a Jesuit missionary to China, wrote a Christian apologetic dialogue for Chinese noblemen favorably comparing Confuscianism with Christianity over against Buddhism. (Buddhist scholars note he didn't get Buddhism altogether right even in regard to the form it had taken by that time in China; but then part of the problem in making comparisons is that Buddhism tends to take on significantly different flavors depending on where it goes. In modern China, it's very atheistic. In Japan it has elements borrowing from Christianity dating back to Portuguese and Dutch missionaries of the Middle Ages!)
Chesterton once wrote this, in regard to early 20th century attempts at sceptical comparative religion:
"Students of popular science, like Mr. Blatchford [a rival of Chesterton], are always insisting that Christianity and Buddhism are very much alike, especially Buddhism. [{g!}] This is generally believed, and I believed it myself until I read a book giving the reasons for it. [{g!}] The reasons were of two kinds: resemblances that meant nothing because they were common to all humanity, and resemblances which were not resemblances at all. [...]
"Thus, as a case of the first class, he said that both Christ and Buddha were called by the divine voice coming out of the sky--as if you would expect the divine voice to come out of the coal-cellar! Or, again, it was gravely urged that these two Eastern teachers, by a singular coincidence, both had to do with the washing of feet. You might as well say that it was a remarkable coincidence that they both had feet to wash! And the other class of similarities were those which simply were not similar. Thus this reconciler of the two religions draws earnest attention to the fact that at certain religious feasts the robe of the Lama is rent in pieces out of respect, and the remnants highly valued. But this is the reverse of a resemblance, for the garments of Christ were not rent in pieces out of respect, but out of derision; and the remnants were not highly valued except for what they would fetch in the rag shops. [To which could be added that the one piece of clothing highly valued enough to gamble for, was not rent in pieces at all!] It is rather like alluding to the obvious connection between the two ceremonies of the sword: when it taps a man's shoulder, and when it cuts off his head! It is not at all similar for the man.
"These scraps of puerile pedantry would indeed matter little if it were not also true that the alleged philosophical resemblances are also of these two kinds, either proving too much or not proving anything. That Buddhism approves of mercy or of self-restraint is not to say that it is specially like Christianity; it is only to say that it is not utterly unlike all human existence. Buddhists disapprove in theory of cruelty or excess because all sane human beings disapprove in theory of cruelty or excess. But to say that Buddhism and Christianity give the same philosophy of these things is simply false." [_Orthodoxy_, chp 8.]
To give my own example of the utter distinction between philosophies here, let us consider the walking on the water. It is claimed that Jesus was able to do this because He had learned _so_ well the lessons of the Buddha. But if that is the case, then the lessons of the Buddha have been so greatly obscured that we would have to say not one accurate representation of them still exists in the world! For if there is one common thread among Buddhisms presented as reaching back to the Gautama, it is that the material world is an illusion from which we ought to free ourselves in order to end our suffering. If Buddha walks on the water, it is because, like in _The Matrix_, he has achieved the enlightenment that 'there is no spoon'.
But Jesus' walking on the water, is supposed to be amazing because the water _is_ real, and so is Jesus and His body. It is a cooperation of the real supernatural and the real _but dependent_ natural. In an earlier episode, when Jesus exorcises a demon out of a tornado threatening to swamp their boat out on the lake (which is contextually what is happening, especially in the Greek, btw), the doctrinal emphasis is on Jesus being the master of nature and the spirits, having arrived in secret ("Who is this man whom even the wind and the wave obey?!") and the master in view is the Master related in the Psalms of Judaism, the Lord of even the Sea Who creates and quietens storms. (It should also be noted that there is an underlying Jewish notion about any large body of water being 'the swirling depths', i.e. 'the abyss' where rebel spirits are imprisoned and from which they occasionally emerge...)
And again, as others noted earlier above, the whole point to Jesus' story is that God became real flesh in order to really suffer in order to help _us_. And it wasn't to help us cease to exist as persons, recovering us into a merely singular Independent Fact (which may not even itself be sentient or active or real in Buddhist terms); but to help us recover from rebellion against God so that we as real persons may cooperate better with Him and with each other as real persons.
It is all the philosophical difference in the world, if I may put it a bit crudely, between pleasing one's self (let us say)--and marriage. I mean on God's part.
(As also noted elsewhere, the extinction of suffering by the extinction of desire through renunciation of the material world, is a common goal among strands of Buddhism; so sex isn't normally something to be redeemed from corruption and wrong practice, but something to be denied and extinguished as soon as possible because it connects a person too strongly to the world of matter and desire; thus to suffering.)
The Jesus of the Gospels is in favor (analogically speaking) of rescuing His rebelling bride and marrying her so that she and He can live happily ever after together; which is also what YHWH in the OT is always trying to do. This is not what the Buddha Gautama is analogically in favor of, though, reportedly.
Consequently then, if Jesus really did learn enough of accurate Buddhist doctrine to be able to walk on water, then either the Gospel texts or the Buddhists texts are wildly inaccurate about what Jesus or Guatama was really teaching. And from a text-crit standpoint, I think we'd have to say that the probabilities lie with the Buddhists being wrong, because the textual provenance of their documents, while not bad for ancient docs, are very few and late compared to the textual provenance of the Gospels: geological traceable early copies of numerous magnitude, which can be confidently dated back in their earliest form to disciples of Jesus Himself.
So. There are some technical answers for you. {s} Another would be that Buddhism is very eglatarian, ideally, about authority; but Jesus claimed all authority in heaven and earth for Himself. Again, either He wildly misunderstood and misused a 'Buddhist' teaching, in which case it makes no sense that He would be able to walk on water like 'the Buddha'; or else someone's disciples have wildly misrepresented what one or the other Teacher was saying--and once again purely on a text-crit level we'd be better off betting in favor of the canonical Gospels.
As it happens, the Jesus == Buddhist disciple case would look a whole lot better if we went to many of the Gnostic and/or docetic apocryphals; but this wouldn't exactly be a point in favor of the theory. {wry g}
One good (and entertaining and well-written) source for beginning an informal look into Christianity/Buddhism comparisons, who can point you along to other sources, would be _Jesus and the Religions of Man_ by my friend David Marshall, who has spent much of his life working in Southeast Asia (especially China) as a student of comparative religion and an evangelist.
JRP
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"For all shall be salted with fire. Salt is good, but if the salt becomes unsalty, with what will you season it? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another." -- Mark 9:49-50 (my candidate for most important overlooked verse in Scripture. {g})
"We must
be strong and brave--
our home
we've got to save!
We must make
the fighting cease,
so Mother Earth
will be at peace!
Through all the fire and the smoke,
we will never give up hope:
if we can win,
the Earth will survive--
we'll keep peace alive!" -- from the English lyrics to the closing theme of _Space Battleship Yamato_
"It _was_ harsh. Mirei didn't have anything that would soften it either." -- the surprisingly astute (I might even call it inspired {s!}) theological conclusion to Marie Brennan's _Doppleganger_ (Warner-Aspect, April 2006)